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Conditional sentences
Conditional sentences
Conditionals are sentences that describe a situation and its possible result. They typically use if to express the condition and can refer to the past, present, or future. There are four main types of conditionals, each with its own structure and use.
Zero conditional
Zero conditional
Use: To express general truths, facts, or rules that are always true.
Structure: If + present simple -> present simple
Examples:
If water reaches 100°C, it boils.
If you mix red and blue, you get purple.
First conditional
First conditional
Use: To talk about real and possible situations in the future.
Structure: If + present simple -> will + base verb
Examples:
If it rains, we will cancel the picnic.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
Second conditional
Second conditional
Use: To discuss hypothetical or unlikely situations in the present or future.
Structure: If + past simple -> would + base verb
Examples:
If I won the lottery, I would travel the world.
If she were taller, she would play basketball.
Third conditional
Third conditional
Use: To talk about imaginary situations in the past (things that didn’t happen).
Structure: If + past perfect -> would have + past participle
Examples:
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
If they had left earlier, they would have caught the train.
Mixed conditionals (B2)
Mixed conditionals (B2)
Use: To mix time frames between the condition and the result.
Structures:
If + past perfect -> would + base verb (Past condition, present result)
If + past simple -> would have + past participle (Present condition, past result)
Examples:
If I had studied medicine (past), I would be a doctor now (present).
If she were more careful (present), she wouldn’t have broken the vase (past).
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